Pramuka Ambalan Mohammad Hatta - Cut Nyak Dien 03085-03086 Pangkalan SMK Negeri 1 Tasikmalaya: April 2009

Simpul dan Tali-temali

Simpul adalah ikatan pada tali atau tambang yang dibuat dengan sengaja untuk keperluan tertentu. Ikatan itu sendiri, khususnya yang digunakan pada saat Panjat Tebing, terbagi kedalam empat macam.
PERINGATAN! Semua tutorial pembuatan simpul dan mekanisme teknis panjat memanjat enggak bisa dipelajari dari sekedar membaca artikel. Carilah nasehat profesional langsung dari para ahli karena kesalahan dalam pembuatan dan penggunaan bisa berakibat FATAL.
Simpul Pengunci/ Kancing (Stopper Knots):

simpul yang dibuat untuk menghindari lepasnya ujung atau ekor tali dari ikatan yang berbentuk lingkaran pada tali tersebut. Dengan adanya simpul pengunci ini ujung tali akan terjerat/ terkunci sekiranya ekor tali tersebut akan terlepas/ keluar dari satu lubang tertentu.
Simpul Penyambung (Bends):

simpul yang digunakan untuk menyambung dua tali/ tambang untuk menghasilkan tali gabungan yang lebih panjang. Simpul ini bisa digunakan juga pada dua tali yang ukuran diameternya berbeda.
Simpul Melingkar (Loops):

seperti yang disebutkan oleh namanya, simpul yang satu ini membentuk satu lingkaran atau lebih, biasa juga disebut mata, dan umumnya dibuat pada bagian ekor tali/tambang. Simpul ini kuat dan sangat tidak mudah terlepas.
Simpul Pengikat (Hitches):

simpul yang diikat pada benda atau objek lain, contohnya karabiner atau alat proteksi tradisional. Benda/ objek lain ini bisa juga tali/ tambang lain yang bukan digunakan untuk mengikat simpul ini (simpul tali yang diikatkan ke tali lain).

Simpul "Figure-of-Eight" (mengkhayalkan 8) adalah simpul yg sangat bermanfaat. Gampang untuk membuat, gampang untuk membuka setelah memberatkan, dan stres tali rendah waktu ikat dgn kencang. Anda bisa membuat simpul ini di ujung s/d ditengah tali, tetapi kalau di ujung, sebaik kalau Anda membuat simpul kancingan untuk ahkirNya sehingga dia tak bisa membukadiri. Simpul Fishermans atau double Overhand cocok sebagai simpul kancingan.
Dua cara membuat figure of eight. Memakai cara yg pertama ketika rencanaNya memakai karabiner, yg kedua ketika Anda mau ikat tali langsung dgn harnes atau barang lain.
Figure-of-Eight loop

Figure-of-Eight re-threaded

Kebiasaan methode ini cocok untuk mengikat tali langsung dengan harnes.
Bowline

Simpul bowline gampang untuk berubah dan membuka. AWAS, kalau salah membuat dia berbahaya. PENTING: juga membuat simpul kancingan di ujung bebas untuk menjaga kemungkinan dia membuka diri.
Clove Hitch

Simpul clove hitch gampang untuk berubah tempatNya setelah membuat, tetapi dia tak terlalu kuat. If one side of the knot is to be loaded, place the diagonal underneath. If both sides are to be loaded, place the diagonal at the top. Mengetatkan dia, sebelum memakai, sehingga dia tidak jalan waktu keberatan.
Highwayman's Hitch

Simpul "Highwayman's Hitch" ini bisa membawah keberatan Anda (ujung-B) dan untuk membuka cepat cabut ujung-A.
Jangan memakai untuk panjat pinang apa lagi panjat yang asli
Tetapi dia baik untuk kudaMu kalau Anda mau berangkat dengan cepat!
Fisherman's Knot

Simpul tergampang untuk mengikat dua ujung tali. Anda bisa memakai ini sebagai kancingan di tali ujung kalau sudah membuat figure of eight. Simpul Double Fishermans lebih baik.
Double Fisherman's Knot

Lebih baik dari pada Simpu Fisherman's. Dia simpul baik karena dia susah membuka. Periksa ujungNya sering untuk memastikan ujung tali tak menjadi lebih pendek. Kencang dgn keberatanMu.
Lark's Foot

Simpul cepat, tetapi lemah. Sebaik menyingkiri.
Overhand Knot

Barangkali simpul tergampang. Kebiasaan dipakai sebagai simpul kancingan, tetapi simpul double overhand lebih baik.
Double Overhand Knot

Lebih baik sebagai simpul kancingan dari pada simpul overhand.
Overhand Loop

Simpul tergampang untuk membuat lingkaran tali yang tertutup di tengah tali. Susah membuka telah keberatan.
Tape Knot

Cocok untuk mengikat dua ujung webbing. Dia bisa membuka diri sehinnga periksa dgn sering. Membuat kancing dengan keberatan badanMu.
Ascending Knots
Lima gambar simpul menaikkan berikut. Setiap simpul punya sifat-sifat kekuatan dan kelemahan. Cobalah semua untuk memastikan yg terbaik menerut Anda.
Prusik Loop

The Kleimheist

Simpul Hedden atau Kreutzklem

The French Prusik

The Bachmann

Sumber para rekan pendaki
Jika ada kritik serta saran atau artikel yang akan ditambah silahkan hubungi moderator web

Figure-of-Eight
Simpul "Figure-of-Eight" (mengkhayalkan 8) adalah simpul yg sangat bermanfaat. Gampang untuk membuat, gampang untuk membuka setelah memberatkan, dan stres tali rendah waktu ikat dgn kencang. Anda bisa membuat simpul ini di ujung s/d ditengah tali, tetapi kalau di ujung ...sebaik kalau Anda membuat simpul kancingan untuk ahkirNya sehingga dia tak bisa membukadiri. Simpul Fishermans atau Double Overhand cocok sebagai simpul kancingan.
Dua cara membuat figure of eight.
Memakai cara yg pertama ketika rencanaNya memakai karabiner, yg kedua ketika Anda mau ikat tali langsung dgn harnes atau barang lain.
Figure-of-Eight loop

Figure-of-Eight re-threaded

Kebiasaan methode ini cocok untuk mengikat tali langsung dengan harnes.
Bowline

Simpul bowline gampang untuk berubah dan membuka. AWAS, kalau salah membuat dia berbahaya. PENTING: juga membuat simpul kancingan di ujung bebas untuk menjaga kemungkinan dia membuka diri.
Clove Hitch

Simpul clove hitch gampang untuk berubah tempatNya setelah membuat, tetapi dia tak terlalu kuat. If one side of the knot is to be loaded, place the diagonal underneath. If both sides are to be loaded, place the diagonal at the top. Mengetatkan dia, sebelum memakai, sehingga dia tidak jalan waktu keberatan.
Highwayman's Hitch

Simpul "Highwayman's Hitch" ini bisa membawah keberatan Anda (ujung-B) dan untuk membuka cepat cabut ujung-A.
JANGAN MEMAKAI UNTUK MEMANJAT!
Tetapi dia baik untuk kudaMu kalau Anda mau berangkat dengan cepat!
Fisherman's Knot

Simpul tergampang untuk mengikat dua ujung tali. Anda bisa memakai ini sebagai kancingan di tali ujung kalau sudah membuat figure of eight. Simpul Double Fishermans lebih baik.
Double Fisherman's Knot

Lebih baik dari pada Simpul Fisherman's. Dia simpul baik karena dia susah membuka. Periksa ujungNya sering untuk memastikan ujung tali tak menjadi lebih pendek. Kencang dgn keberatanMu.
Lark's Foot

Simpul cepat, tetapi lemah. Sebaik menyingkiri.
Overhand Knot

Barangkali simpul tergampang. Kebiasaan dipakai sebagai simpul kancingan, tetapi simpul double overhand lebih baik.
Double Overhand Knot

Lebih baik sebagai simpul kancingan dari pada simpul overhand.
Overhand Loop dan The Bachmann

Simpul tergampang untuk membuat lingkaran tali yang tertutup di tengah tali. Susah membuka telah keberatan.
Tape Knot

Cocok untuk mengikat dua ujung webbing. Dia bisa membuka diri sehinnga periksa dgn sering. Membuat kancing dengan keberatan badanMu.
Ascending Knots
Lima gambar simpul menaikkan berikut. Setiap simpul punya sifat-sifat kekuatan dan kelemahan. Cobah semua untuk memastikan yg terbaik menurut Anda.
Prusik Loop

The Kleimheist

Simpul Hedden atau Kreutzklem

The French Prusik

Bidang Tali Temali
Dalam tali temali kita sering mencampuradukkan antara tali, simpul dan ikatan. Hal ini sebenarnya berbeda sama sekali. Tali adalah bendanya. Simpul adalah hubungan antara tali dengan tali. Ikatan adalah hubungan antara tali dengan benda lainnya, misal kayu, balok, bambu dan sebagainya.

Macam simpul dan kegunaannya
1. Simpul ujung tali
Gunanya agar tali pintalan pada ujung tali tidak mudah lepas
2. Simpul mati
Gunanya untuk menyambung 2 utas tali yang sama besar dan tidak licin
3. Simpul anyam
Gunanya untuk menyambung 2 utas tali yang tidak sama besarnya dan dalam keadaan kering
4. Simpul anyam berganda
Gunanya untuk menyambung 2 utas tali yang tidak sama besarnya dan dalam keadaan basah
5. Simpul erat
Gunanya untuk memendekkan tali tanpa pemotongan
6. Simpul kembar
Gunanya untuk menyambung 2 utas tali yang sama besarnya dan dalam keadaan licin
7. Simpul kursi
Gunanya untuk mengangkat atau menurunkan benda atau orang pingsan
8. Simpul penarik
Gunanya untuk menarik benda yang cukup besar
9. Simpul laso

Untuk gambar macam-macam simpul dapat dilihat di bawah ini :

Macam Ikatan dan Kegunaannya
1. Ikatan pangkal
Gunanya untuk mengikatkan tali pada kayu atau tiang, akan tetapi ikatan pangkal ini dapat juga
digunakan untuk memulai suatu ikatan.

2. Ikatan tiang
Gunanya untuk mengikat sesuatu sehingga yang diikat masih dapat bergerak leluasa misalnya
untuk mengikat leher binatang supaya tidak tercekik.
3. Ikatan jangkar
Gunanya untuk mengikat jangkar atau benda lainnya yang berbentuk ring.
4. Ikatan tambat
Gunanya untuk menambatkan tali pada sesuatu tiang/kayu dengan erat, akan tetapi mudah untuk melepaskannya kembali. Ikatan tambat ini juga dipergunakan untuk menyeret balik dan bahkan ada juga dipergunakan untuk memulai suatu ikatan.
5. Ikatan tarik
Gunanya untuk menambatkan tali pengikat binatang pada suatu tiang, kemudian mudah untuk
membukanya kembali. Dapat juga untuk turun ke jurang atau pohon.
6. Ikatan turki
Gunanya untuk mengikat sapu lidi setangan leher
7. Ikatan palang
8. Ikatan canggah
9. Ikatan silang
10. Ikatan khaki tiga

Untuk gambar macam-macam ikatan dapat dilihat di bawah ini.

Penulis : Kakak Drs. Ringsung Suratno, M.Pd

A. Sure.

Shear, Tripod, and Square Lashings (start w/clove hitch on one pole, wrap at least four times around, then between poles):

Multiple Stakes:

Q. How about wire rope (steel cable)?
A. For smaller structures, 3/16-inch wire rope might be fine; for larger structures, at least 1/4-inch. Note the working strength printed on the spool. Wire rope clips should be used in sets of three for loops and splices. Thimbles reduce stress on the wire rope, and allow easier attachment to a structure using a quick-link or shackle.
Never saddle a dead horse -- place the saddle part of the wire rope clips on the live part of the line.

Knots and Hitches for Kite Flying
James S. Aber

Knots to join two lines together

Square (reef) knot. One of the best known knots for tying together two lines of equal diameter. Notice the symmetry--both free ends are on the same side of knot. It's a relatively weak knot--breaking strength is only 45% of rated line strength. It should not be used where lines will be under strong tension, as it has a tendency to slip. For high-tension knots, the sheet bend, surgeon's knot, or fisherman's knot are recommended (see below).

Thief knot. It resembles the square knot (above), but notice that the two free ends are on opposite sides of the knot. This knot slips easily; it should be avoided for kite flying.

Granny knot. Similar to the square knot (above), but notice the different overlap pattern. This knot slips easily; it should be avoided for kite flying.

Sheet bend. An excellent knot for joining two lines of equal or unequal diameter. The knot has moderate strength and is highly resistant to slippage. It is recommended in preference to the square knot. Note both free ends should be on the same side of the knot.

Double sheet (Becket) bend. Like the sheet bend, but with an extra turn around the standing loop. An excellent means to join slippery lines of unequal diameter.

Surgeon's knot. Tied in a manner like the square knot, but with an extra wrap on both sides. This knot has moderate strength and high resistance to slippage. Often used for kite bridles, it is recommended for joining lines of equal diameter.

Fisherman's (English) knot. The knot is shown here before tightening. Each line is tied in an overhand knot around the other line, a simple procedure (see below).

Fisherman's (English) knot. This example shows the knot pulled tight. The fisherman's knot is one of the strongest and most resistant to slippage of all knots for tying two lines together.
Attaching a line to an anchor

Lark's head (cow hitch). A simple knot created by passing the line through a loop around the anchor. This knot is used to tie a ring into a line (see below). The lark's head is easy to tie, moderately strong and resistant to slippage. It's also quick to untie.

Lark's head (cow hitch). Place a loop of line through a ring and spread the loop. Next work the loop down around the ring and pull tight to create the lark's head (see above).

Cat's paw. This knot is like the lark's head but with an additional twist in the loop, which gives it more resistance to slippage compared to the lark's head. The cat's paw is a useful knot, but it's somewhat more difficult to tie.

Two half hitches. Half hitches are simple, strong, and easy to tie. The knot has moderate resistance to slippage. Knot breaking strength is 75% of rated line strength.

Anchor (fisherman's) bend. Two half hitches in which the first half hitch is locked by a round turn. This has become the author's favorite means to attach kite flying line to snaps and rings. Knot breaking strength is 70% of rated line strength.

Clove hitch. A simple knot, but one that is prone to slip with synthetic line on a smooth anchor. Because the line does not bend back on itself, this hitch is quite strong--breaking strength is 75% of rated line strength. It's also easy to tie.

Clove hitch--extended. Additional wraps around the anchor increase the frictional resistance to slippage.

Clove plus two half hitches. This compound knot combines the characteristics of the clove and half hitch into a knot that is quite strong and highly resistant to slippage. This combination can be used for attaching the flying line to the kite bridle and for other critical connections.

Cleat tie down. Proper cleat tie down involves overlapping the line in a figure eight pattern. Note the free end (lower right) is tucked under itself on the final wrap to lock the line.
Knots to make a loop

Bowline. A strong knot for making a loop that will not slip is the bowline. It's breaking strength is about 60% of the line's rated strength.

Bowline with two turns. The bowline has many variations. This variant, with an extra turn, is recommended for slippery kite line.

Bowline with a half hitch. Another variation of the bowline in which the free end is tied in a half hitch to lock the knot.

Slip (running) knot. As the name implies this loop is designed to slip tight around an object. It's an easy way to attach a line to an anchor, but not as strong at the hitches shown above.

Fisherman's eye (loop). The eye is shown here before tightening. It's made by tying two overhand knots around the line, a simple procedure (see below).

Fisherman's eye. The knot is shown here after tightening. This loop is strong and will not slip; it is recommended for kite flying.

Alpine butterfly (noose). Here's a quick way to tie a non-slip loop in the middle of a line. It could serve in place of a lark's head and ring for making an attachment point in the middle of a kite flying line.
Knots to stop a line

Overhand knot. By far the simplist way to make a stopper at the end of a line. The small size of the knot limits its function as a stopper, and it is relatively weak--about 45% of rated line strength.

Figure eight (end) knot. A better stopper than the overhand knot, as it makes a larger mass at the end of a line. The figure eight knot has moderate strength--about 50% of rated line strength.

Stevedore's knot. Similar to the figure eight knot, but with an extra turn. A still better stopper, because of the large mass the knot makes in the line. This stopper is recommended for kite flying.
Knots to shorten a line

Sheep shank. The line is doubled back on itself, then looped over each end of the doubled section. This is a temporary knot that holds well under tension, but releases easily when the tension is removed. It is not recommended for conditions of heavy line stress, as it can pull apart. Knot breaking strength is 45% of rated line strength.

Knotted (man o' war) sheep shank. An attractive variation of the sheep shank. The central knot makes this structure more resistant to slippage.

Chain knot. For compact storage of line the chain knot is recommended. It starts with a slip knot (right side); the free end then is pulled through the loop, and the operation is repeated to form the chain. This is a good way to handle the lines of a Picavet suspension for tangle-free storage.
More knots and hitches.

Description
This section is from the book "Amateur Work Magazine Vol5". Also available from Amazon: Amateur Work.
Scaffold Knots And Hitches
There is a great lack of knowledge among workmen generally with regard to the tying of rope for scaffolding, and when it is considered that during the erection of a building the workman lives, as it were, on the scaffold, sometimes poised in midair and in other dangerous positions where life and limb is jeopardized, it is most essential that the scaffold should be trustworthy and safe, and one of the factors of safety is the correct lashing and tying of the rope, with the manipulation of which the workman should be perfectly familiar.

As a chain is no stronger than its weakest link, so stability of the scaffold is dependent to a great extent upon the security of its knots; hence the importance of knowing the best one to use for the purpose required. Although scaffolds are generally erected by qualified men, yet there are occasions when the workman requires some adjustment or addition to the scaffold for a special purpose. He has then to undertake the alteration himself, and his knowledge of tying knots can be applied.
The knowledge one possesses in tying knots is not confined to the one vocation of scaffolding, but is useful in all departments of everyday life. A great number of knots have been devised for various purposes. The few here illustrated are those chiefly used in the erection of pole scaffolding and comprise nearly all that are necessary. The tying of these knots should be practiced by the uninitiated, for the process is inexpensive, as the back of a chair may be utilized, a small piece or or two of sash cord, with a little persistence, being all that is required to make perfect.
A very good proof that the lesson has been learned thoroughly is to tie each of these knots in the dark. The principles of a good knot are its facility in tying, its freedom from slipping and its being easily untied, says a writer in an English exchange. All knots will jam more or less when subject to a strain. In the diagrams here given the knots are shown open before being drawn taut in order to show the position of the parts. The names usually given and their uses are as follows:
1. Bight of a rope.
2. Overhand, or thumb knot, to prevent a rope running through the sheave of a block.
3. Figure of eight knot, used as No. 2.
4. Stevedore knot; is useful when the rope passes through an eye. It is easily untied after being strained.
5. Square or reef knot; this is the most useful knot for joining two ropes of the same size. However tight it jams it is easily " upset " and undone.
6. Granny, or thief, knot; this should not be used, as it will jam tight but not slip (as erroneously supposed), will not " upset, " and consequently is difficult.
to undo.
7. Single sheet bend,or weavers' knot; used principally for joining two ropes of unequal sizes more securely than a reef knot.
8. Double sheet bend; more secure than No. 7.
9. Carrick bend, for fastening the four guys to a derrick.
10. Flemish loop.
11. Slip knot.
12. Bowline, for making a loop that will not slip. After being strained this knot is easily untied. Commence by making a bight in the rope, then put the end through the bight and under the standing part, pass the end again through the bight and pull taut. This knot should be tied with facility by every one handling ropes..
13. Timber hitch; the greater the strain the tighter it will hold.
14. Clove hitch,consisting of two half hitches; used chiefly to tie ledgers to standards. This is the most useful of all the knots used in scaffolding on account of its simplicity and security.
15. Clove hitch, as No. 14, showing its application around a pole.
16. Round turn and two half hitches for securing a rope to a ledger, or for fastening the guys of derricks, shear legs, etc.
17. Fisherman's bend; used when a thick rope, such as a fall, is made fast to a ring.
18. Rolling hitch; used in a variety of ways, chiefly in making fast one rope to another that is held taut.
19. Sheepshank, for shortening a rope when the ends are inaccessible.
29. Catspaw, an endless loop, and used where great power is required.
21. Blackwaller; easily applied, but requires watching; has a tendency to slip.-" Carpentry and Building."

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The Art of Knots
In the days of sailing ships, sailors had to be rope-tying experts, for the safety of the ship and crew could depend upon whether a knot was correctly tied. On a fully rigged ship, several miles of rigging incorporated thousands of knots. There was a different knot for every chore, from the simple hitch to the most ornate Turk's Head. Tying knots became a craft in itself carried out during long months at sea. Knot boards served as useful training references as well as object of pride.
Sailor's Knot Board:

There are thousands of knots and hitches.
Here are some of the more common ones:

The Uni-Knot System

One basic fishing line knot which can be varied to meet virtually every knot tying need in either fresh or salt water fishing. That was the objective of Vic Dunaway, author of numerous books on fishing and editor of "Florida Sportsman" magazine. The Uni-Knot system resulted. Knot illustrations and directions thanks to Ande Monofilament.
Uni-Knot --- Joining 2 Lines (of Similar Diameter)

1. Overlap ends of two lines of about the same diameter for about 6".

Take one end, and form the Uni-Knot circle, crossing the two lines about midway of the overlapped distance.

2. Tie the Uni-Knot, making six turns around the two lines (leaving the loop free).
3. Pull the tag end to form a snug knot tight around the line.
4. Use the loose end of the overlapped line to tie another Unit-Knot as shown above and pull snug.
5. Pull the two standing lines in opposite directions to slide the knots together. Pull as tightly as possible and snip ends close to nearest coil.

Sailors, riggers, and fishermen use many different kinds of fishing knots. For most fishing needs and for tying leaders, however, only a few basic knots are required, and these are shown here.

Nylon fishing knots have a tendency to slip if not properly tied, so care must be taken when tightening the knot. After the knot is formed it should first be pulled up slowly, and then pulled tight.
After the knot is tied, do not clip the end off too short. For certain knots it is also a good idea to burn this end with a match or cigarette lighter so that the nylon fuses into a tiny ball.

Here's how to tie the four basic fishing knots shown in the illustration above. The blood knot, also called the barrel knot, is used to join lines or leaders.

To tie it, first lap the ends of the lines or leaders. Then twist one end around the line to make three or three and a half turns. Next place the end between the strands and hold them together between your thumb and forefinger.

Now wind the other end around the line for the same number of turns, in the opposite direction, and place it between the strands.

Finally, pull on the two ends to draw the turns closer together. When they bunch up, pull tight on the ends making the knot as small as possible. Then clip off the ends fairly close to the knot.

The perfection loop knot is for tying a loop on the end of your line or leader. Here you take one looping turn around the nylon and hold the lines together between your thumb and forefinger.

Then take a second looping turn around the crossing. Next, take the big loop formed by this second turn, pass it through the loop on top, and pull on this big loop until the knot jams. Then clip off the end.

The double thumb knot is another fishing knot which can be used to tie a loop on the end of a line or leader. Here you merely double your leader for a few inches to form a loop and then form a simple overhand knot twice, as shown.

The improved clinch knot is used for tying a leader to a hook, snap, or lure. To tie it, run about three or four inches of the end of the leader through the eye, then double it back and twist it around the leader for several turns.

Next, put the end through the opening next to the eye, and, for added security, run the end through the big loop formed by the nylon. To tighten, pull on the end and slide the turns toward the eye. To finish, just clip off the end.

Thanks to http://www.make-your-own-fishing-lures.com

SCOUT SMK N 1 TASIKMALAYA
MHT – CND 03085 – 03086
My scout, My Live
(2008/2009)
Rover : Roni Norana, MHT

Selasa, 14 April 2009

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